The European Securities and Markets Authority Consultation Paper published a Consultation Paper (ESMA35-43-748, July 2017) where it is suggested that according to research in psychology people rely on a limited number of heuristic principles which reduce complex tasks of assessing probabilities and predicting values to simpler judgmental operations; these heuristics may lead to severe and systematic errors. According to the paper "...investors, or at least a significant number of them, are subject to heuristics and behavioural biases" and "...their financial decisions ... might lead to sub-optimal outcomes for them". Based on this paper, examples of investor biases may include Overconfidence and over-optimism, Representativeness, Conservatism, Availability bias, Frame dependence and anchoring, Mental accounting, Regret aversion, Loss aversion.
This program aims to present and analyse these concepts and how they affect investor decisions.
More specifically, traditional economics and finance is developed on the assumption of a rational utility maximizing economic agent. Recent empirical evidence, however, suggests that real people behave differently than assumed. This module reviews the literature on cognitive psychology as regards to human and investor behaviour and contrasts this with the behavior that is expected from traditional models. We discuss also discusses empirical findings on various related issues such as herding behaviour, measures of herding, investor overreaction and under-reaction, measurement of investor sentiment, mental accounting, overconfidence, the house-money effect, the dividend puzzle, the equity premium puzzle, the closed-end fund puzzle, among others.Τraditional economics and finance is developed on the assumption of a rational utility maximizing economic agent. Recent empirical evidence, however, suggests that real people behave differently than assumed. This module reviews the literature on cognitive psychology as regards to human and investor behaviour and contrasts this with the behavior that is expected from traditional models. We discuss also discusses empirical findings on various related issues such as herding behaviour, measures of herding, investor overreaction and under-reaction, measurement of investor sentiment, mental accounting, overconfidence, the house-money effect, the dividend puzzle, the equity premium puzzle, the closed-end fund puzzle, among others.
Trainees will learn how (a) investment decisions are influenced by investment psychology and behavioral biases, (b) how investment behavior affects prices and trends in the market, and (c) how we can measure investor sentiment and take it under consideration when we make investment decisions.
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